The part of a neuron that converts oxygen, sugars and other nutrients into energy Spots on the cell body of a neuron that, like the dendrites, can be stimulated by other neurons. The primary “receiving” parts of a neuron. The Neural cell the basic unit of the nervous system How the Brain Governs Behavior: Neuron Definitions When damaged, it sometimes displays remarkable plasticity. The cerebral cortex, which is larger in relation to body size in human beings that in any other species, is the part of the brain primarily responsible for higher processes such as thinking, remembering, and planning. The topmost and largest area of the brain is the cerebrum, which is covered by the cerebral cortex each is divided down the middle into a left hemisphere and a right hemisphere. Why do psychologist and other scientist place so much emphasis on understanding the functions of the brain’s outer surface? Afferent Neurons carry information from the sense organs to the brain efferent neurons carry messages from the brain to the glands and muscles and interneurons are the intermediaries between other neurons in the CNS. The neurons of CNS affect functions and behavior throughout the rest of the body through the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and the spinal cord.
What constitutes the central nervous system? When the neuron fires, it releases neurotransmitters, which flow across the synaptic cleft and act on receiving neurons. The key to the transmissions of nervous messages is the synapse, a junction where the sender of one neuron is separated by only a microscopic distance from the receiver of another neuron. Other important structures include the nucleus, myelin sheath, and nodes.Ī neuron ordinarily fires in accord with the all-or-none principle. There the stage is set for stimulation or inhibition of other neurons, as well as muscles or glands. Stimulation of the neurons at its dendrites-or receptor sites on its cell body-sets off an electrical impulse that travels the length of the axon to the terminal branches. Each neuron in the nervous system is a fiberlike cell with receivers call dendrites at one end and senders call terminal braches at the other. The brain also contains even more billions of glia, which performs functions such as regulating the biochemical environment of the brain, helping sustain neurons, modulating neural transmissions, and helping guide early brain development and maturation. The brain contains many billions of neurons, or neural cells each neuron receives messages, processes them, and transmits them to thousands of other neurons throughout the body.Some neurons act as glands and transmit into the bloodstream various hormones, which affect the bodily functioning in areas distant from the brain. The brain governs all physical and psychological functions through its connection with other parts of the body. How do the neurons work and what do they do?
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